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Kristóf Koczor

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Approved

2015

2013

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The French playwright Victorien Sardou Tosca.  she wrote her drama for the contemporary star of the Parisian stage, Sarah Bernhardt, and her unparalleled success is characterized by the fact that the artist has played the title role more than three thousand times in France alone.  Giacomo Puccini (1858–1924), after seeing the piece twice, wrote a letter to his publisher, Giulio Ricord, to obtain Sardou's permission to make music because "he longs for this textbook."

 The background of the plot is a real historical situation, some of the main characters are specific historical figures.  Napoleon expelled the Austrians from the northern half of Italy in 1796-97, and, under French pressure and example, the Roman Republic was proclaimed on February 15, 1798, headed by Napoleon himself, who appointed a governing body of seven consuls.  The first actor in the opera, Angelotti, was one of the consuls.  In September 1799, the puppet state was overthrown by the forces of Naples, Austria and Russia, and the former consul became a valuable prisoner for the Bourbon Restoration.  During Napoleon's new campaign to reclaim the lost territories, on June 14, 1800, exactly the day of the battle of Marengo, which was the turning point and the eventual victory for the French, the play of the three protagonists, Tosca, the celebrated singer, Cavaradossi, the Republican painter and Baron Scarpia, the cruel police chief of Rome - a battle of politics and love.  Opera researcher Julien Budden says Tosca is “the triumph of pure theater”.  Critic Charles Osborne explains the popularity of the opera - in addition to the two hit arias: Vissi d’arte and E lucevan le stelle - by saying that the act offers great opportunities for the three protagonists to excel not only as singers but also as actors.

Kristóf Koczor

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